Single Crystal Growth of Hybrid Lead Bromide Perovskites Using a Spin-Coating Method

R. García-Aboal; R. Fenollosa; F. Ramiro-Manzano; I. Rodríguez; F. Meseguer; P. Atienzar

doi:10.1021/acsomega.8b00447

Research · Publication & note

Single Crystal Growth of Hybrid Lead Bromide Perovskites Using a Spin-Coating Method

ACS Omega · Journal article · 15 May 2018

R. García-Aboal, R. Fenollosa, F. Ramiro-Manzano, I. Rodríguez, F. Meseguer and P. Atienzar

ACS Omega

Volume 3

Pages 5229-5236

2018

Abstract

Synthesis and studies of single crystals of hybrid perovskite are important for achieving a better understanding of the optoelectronic phenomena occurring in this material and for improving ongoing applications. Here, we report on the growth of micrometer-size single crystals of methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr₃) using the spin coating deposition method on a quartz substrate. We studied the influence of the rotation speed and the use of three different additives N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and 4-tert-butylpyridine on the crystal size and shape. The introduction of an additive in the precursor solution is revealed to be very useful for obtaining crystals with well-defined geometries and for decreasing the amount of defects. In this way, high-quality single crystals that sustain optical resonating modes were obtained and characterized by transmittance and photoluminescence measurements.

How to cite

Initials first

R. García-Aboal, R. Fenollosa, F. Ramiro-Manzano, I. Rodríguez, F. Meseguer and P. Atienzar. “Single Crystal Growth of Hybrid Lead Bromide Perovskites Using a Spin-Coating Method.” ACS Omega 3, 5229-5236 (2018). DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00447.

Family name first

García-Aboal, R., Fenollosa, R., Ramiro-Manzano, F., Rodríguez, I., Meseguer, F. and Atienzar, P. “Single Crystal Growth of Hybrid Lead Bromide Perovskites Using a Spin-Coating Method.” ACS Omega 3, 5229-5236 (2018). DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00447.

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Figures

**Figure 1.** Average crystal size (dots) as a function of the spin coater rotation speed for a precursor solution without additive (A) and with (B) CHP, (C) DMSO, and (D) TBP as additive. The error bars correspond to the standard deviation. The grey lines are fits to functions proportional to 1/speed^γ.

**Figure 2.** Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of MAPbBr₃ crystals grown on quartz substrates by spin coating at 1000 rpm, corresponding to samples NA (a), CHP (b), DMSO (c), and TBP (d).

**Figure 3.** XRD pattern of a layer of crystals of (a) NA, (b) CHP, (c) DMSO, and (d) TBP samples.

**Figure 4.** (a)-(d) Optical microscopy images at 40× magnification of samples NA, CHP, DMSO, and TBP, respectively, for a rotation speed of 1000 rpm. (e)-(h) The corresponding photoluminescence images. The scale bars correspond to 200 µm.

**Figure 5.** (A) UV-vis absorption spectra and (B) photoluminescence spectra of the sample areas of Figure 4, corresponding to samples NA, CHP, DMSO, and TBP.

**Figure 6.** Optical microscopy images of crystals synthesized by increasing concentrations of CHP additive: (a) 5, (b) 15, (c) 25, (d) 50, and (e) 60% v/v in DMF. The scale bars correspond to 200 µm.

**Figure 7.** (A) Average crystal size versus spin coater rotation speed obtained using 5% CHP additive in DMF. The shaded areas indicate rod- and cuboid-like growth regimes. (B) Average crystal size and rod/cuboid ratio as a function of CHP concentration.

**Figure 8.** Photoluminescence (black curve) and transmittance (red curve) spectra of (a) a plate-shaped crystal and (c) a pyramid-shaped crystal. (b, d) The corresponding optical microscopy images. The scale bars correspond to 50 µm.

**Figure 9.** Schematic representation of the setup used for measuring the optical transmittance and photoluminescence spectra, where the acronyms are lens (L), beam splitter (BS), spectrometer, and camera (CAM).